[docs] Moving langauge dictionaries README to its own directory, adding note about address_languages repo for getting started
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README.md
77
README.md
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# libpostal: international street address NLP
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[](https://travis-ci.org/openvenues/libpostal) [](https://github.com/openvenues/libpostal/LICENSE)
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[](https://travis-ci.org/openvenues/libpostal) [](https://github.com/openvenues/libpostal/blob/master/LICENSE)
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:jp: :us: :gb: :ru: :fr: :kr: :it: :es: :cn: :de:
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@@ -264,6 +264,11 @@ any new data files, run:
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libpostal_data download all $YOUR_DATA_DIR/libpostal
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```
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Language dictionaries
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---------------------
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See [resources/dictionaries](https://github.com/openvenues/libpostal/tree/master/resources/dictionaries)
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And replace $YOUR_DATA_DIR with whatever you passed to configure during install.
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Features
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@@ -468,76 +473,6 @@ data sets and building input files for the C lib to use during model training.
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Said scripts shouldn't be needed for most users unless you're rebuilding data
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files for the C lib.
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Language dictionaries
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---------------------
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It's easy to add new languages/synonyms to libpostal by modifying a few text
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files. The format of each dictionary file roughly resembles a
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Lucene/Elasticsearch synonyms file:
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```
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drive|dr
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street|st|str
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road|rd
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```
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The leftmost string is treated as the canonical/normalized version. Synonyms
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if any, are appended to the right, delimited by the pipe character.
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The supported languages can be found in the [resources/dictionaries](https://github.com/openvenues/libpostal/tree/master/resources/dictionaries).
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Each language can define one or more dictionaries (sometimes called "gazetteers" in NLP) to help with address parsing, and normalizing abbreviations. The dictionary types are:
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- **academic_degrees.txt**: for post-nominal strings like "M.D.", "Ph.D.", etc.
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- **ambiguous_expansions.txt**: e.g. "E" could be expanded to "East" or could
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be "E Street", so if the string it encountered, it can either be left alone or expanded
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- **building_types.txt**: strings indicating a building/house
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- **company_types.txt**: company suffixes like "Inc" or "GmbH"
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- **concatenated_prefixes_separable.txt**: things like "Hinter..." which can
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be written either concatenated or as separate tokens
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- **concatenated_suffixes_inseparable.txt**: Things like "...bg." => "...burg"
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where the suffix cannot be separated from the main token, but either has an
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abbreviated equivalent or simply can help identify the token in parsing as,
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say, part of a street name
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- **concatenated_suffixes_separable.txt**: Things like "...straße" where the
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suffix can be either concatenated to the main token or separated
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- **directionals.txt**: strings indicating directions (cardinal and
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lower/central/upper, etc.)
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- **level_types.txt**: strings indicating a particular floor
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- **no_number.txt**: strings like "no fixed address"
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- **nulls.txt**: strings meaning "not applicable"
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- **personal_suffixes.txt**: post-nominal suffixes, usually generational
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like Jr/Sr
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- **personal_titles.txt**: civilian, royal and military titles
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- **place_names.txt**: strings found in names of places e.g. "theatre",
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"aquarium", "restaurant". See [Nominatim Special Phrases](http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Nominatim/Special_Phrases)
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- **post_office.txt**: strings like "p.o. box"
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- **qualifiers.txt**: strings like "township"
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- **stopwords.txt**: prepositions and articles mostly, very common words
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which may be ignored in some contexts
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- **street_types.txt**: words like "street", "road", "drive" which indicate
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a thoroughfare and their respective abbreviations.
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- **synonyms.txt**: any miscellaneous synonyms/abbreviations e.g. "bros"
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expands to "brothers", etc. These have no special meaning and will essentially
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just be treated as string replacement.
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- **toponyms.txt**: abbreviations for certain abbreviations relating to
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toponyms like regions, places, etc. Note: GeoNames covers most of these.
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In most cases better to leave these alone
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- **unit_types.txt**: strings indicating an apartment or unit number
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Most of the dictionaries have been derived with the following process:
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1. Tokenize every street name in OSM for language x
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2. Count the most common N tokens
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3. Optionally use frequent item set techniques to extract phrases
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4. Run the most frequent words/phrases through Google Translate
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5. Add the ones that mean "street" to dictionaries
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6. Augment by researching addresses in countries speaking language x
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In the future it might be beneficial to move the dictionaries to a wiki
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so they can be crowdsourced by native speakers regardless of whether or not
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they use git.
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Address parser accuracy
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-----------------------
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